Empirical relationships between watershed characteristics and coho salmon (Oncorhynchus kisutch) smolt abundance in 14 western Washington streams

نویسندگان

  • Rishi Sharma
  • Ray Hilborn
چکیده

We assembled data on coho salmon (Oncorhynchus kisutch) from 14 streams in western Washington, including annual smolt counts and annual escapement, either as absolute counts or as an index. We also compiled data on large woody debris (number·km–1 of stream), road densities in the watersheds (km road·km–2), gradient of the streams (%), valley slope adjacent to the stream (%), drainage area in the watershed (km2), and pool, pond, and lake areas (m2·km–1). We explored the relationships between habitat variables and two measures of coho production, the maximum production of smolts in the stream (capacity) and the maximum smolts/spawner (productivity). Using the 11 streams with pool and pond counts, we found that pool and pond densities served as good predictors of smolt density (r 2 = 0.85 for pools and 0.68 for ponds, independently). Pools produced 0.39 smolts·m–2 and ponds produced 0.07 smolts·m–2 in the multiple regression fit, accounting for 92% of the residual error. We also found that lower valley slopes, lower road densities, and lower stream gradients were correlated with higher smolt density. Résumé : Nous avons rassemblé des données sur le Saumon coho (Oncorhynchus kisutch) de 14 cours d’eau du Washington occidental, entre autres des recensements annuels de saumoneaux et des échappées annuelles, tant en valeurs absolues qu’en indices relatifs. Nous avons aussi compilé des informations sur la présence de débris ligneux de grande taille (nombre·km–1 de cours d’eau), sur la densité des routes dans le bassin versant (km route·km–2), la pente du cours d’eau (%), la pente de la vallée adjacente au cours d’eau (%), la surface de drainage dans le bassin versant (km2), ainsi que la surface des profonds, des étangs et des lacs (m2·km–1). Nous avons alors exploré la relation entre les variables de l’habitat et deux mesures de production des saumons, la production maximale de saumoneaux dans le cours d’eau (capacité) et le maximum de saumoneaux par géniteur (productivité). Dans les 11 cours d’eau pour lesquels nous avions des données sur les profonds et les étangs, les densités des profonds et des étangs se sont avérées être de bonnes variables prédictives de la densité des saumoneaux (r2 = 0,85 pour les profonds et 0,68 pour les étangs, indépendamment). Une régression multiple qui explique 92% de l’erreur résiduelle indique que les profonds produisent 0,39 saumoneau·m–2 et les étangs 0,07 saumoneau·m–2. Les valeurs plus faibles de pentes des vallées, de densités des routes et de pentes des cours d’eau sont liées aux densités de saumoneaux plus élevées. [Traduit par la Rédaction] Sharma and Hilborn 1463

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تاریخ انتشار 2001